National and confessional composition of the population and language.

In Bangladesh is dominated by Bengalis. They were predominantly ethnically based indoariyskie tribes. Mongoloid peoples are concentrated in some eastern districts. Bengali language is included in indoariyskuyu linguistic groups emerged on the basis of Sanskrit, Pali and Prakriti, and subsequently tested the influence of Arabic, Persian and English languages. Bengali language replaced English as the official language, although the latter is used in public institutions, business circles and educational institutions.
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In 1947, when colonial India was divided into India and Pakistan, the territory of modern Bangladesh became East Pakistan. They dominated the Muslims and Hindus have been OK. 20%. The main language of members of both faiths were Bengali. Since 1947, entered East Pakistan turned nearly 700 thousand Muslims from areas that are included in the independent India, mainly from West Bengal and Assam (mostly Bengali) and the Bihar and Uttar Pradesh (urduyazychnoe population). However, all migrants from the latter two provinces were often united under the collective title of «Bihari». Already in the late 19 century. to work on tea plantations arrived Silheta many non-Muslims, mainly of representatives of Indigenous peoples, from Orissa and other parts of British India. Census 1961 showed that more than 6 million people in Bangladesh were born outside the country. Bihari, who in 1971 exceeded 600 thousand people have worked primarily in factories in the cities. During the civil war in 1971, many Bihari propakistanskuyu took position and provoked a malevolent attitude of the Bengalis. The war has forced millions of people, mostly Bengalis, Muslims, to travel to India, although many refugees have returned to Bangladesh. Of the minority of old people of the country feel living in the mountains of ethnic groups, numbering a total of approx. 500 thousand people. In cultural and in some cases, anthropological, they relate to those ethnic groups, partly Mongoloid origins, who live in neighboring areas of elevated India and Myanmar. Chief among these minorities - Chakmas, mogh and tippera or Tripura, among others - mru, cookies, and lushei khyang. Most of them follow Buddhism, although some, such as tippera, are Hindus. In western Bangladesh, in small groups resettled Santals.

During the colonial period, the population of mountain Chittagong was legally protected from the expansion of the inhabitants of low-lying plains. After 1947 the migration flow in the lofty regions of markedly increased. In response Highlanders put forward the requirement to protect their interests and providing them with real autonomy. In this regard, frequent disturbances, successive negotiations. In December 1997 a formal agreement was reached on limiting migration of the population in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the expansion of their powers in resolving local problems.